What significant health risk is attributed to ozone exposure during early pregnancy?

Ozone exposure during early pregnancy is notably linked to an increased risk of oral clefts, which are congenital malformations that affect the lip and/or palate of a newborn. Research indicates that environmental pollutants, including ozone, can interfere with fetal development during critical periods, such as early pregnancy when the structures of the face and mouth are being formed. The development of oral clefts is a complex process influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and exposure to harmful substances like ozone can disrupt this process, leading to defects.

While low birth weight, dental caries, and periodontal disease are also important health concerns associated with maternal health and environmental exposures, oral clefts are particularly significant regarding direct links to ozone exposure during the specific time of early gestation. Understanding these risks highlights the importance of monitoring air quality and mitigating exposure to harmful pollutants, both for pregnant individuals and developing fetuses.