Among the following, which disease is preventable by vaccination?

Mumps is a viral infection that leads to swelling of the salivary glands, fever, and muscle pain, among other symptoms. Vaccination is effective in preventing mumps, and the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is widely administered during childhood to provide immunity against this disease. The high efficacy of the MMR vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of mumps in populations where vaccination coverage is high.

In contrast, hypertension, stroke, and hyperlipidemia are conditions influenced primarily by lifestyle and genetic factors rather than single identifiable infectious agents that can be prevented through vaccination. These conditions require management and prevention strategies such as diet, exercise, and, in some cases, medication, rather than immunization. Therefore, the only preventable disease through vaccination among the listed options is mumps.